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Flamel, Nicolas

1330 - 1418
1136-1206, active from 1181, engineer; inventor; author, Mesopotamian; Iraqi

al-Jazari, Ismail ibn al-Razzaz

1136 - 1206
about 1450-about 1512, surgeon, publisher of book on surgery, born Strasbourg, German?

Brunschwig, Hieronymus von

1450 - 1512
1157-1159, monarch, king of England, reigned 1189-1199

Richard I

1157 - 1199
saint, Italian

Saint Catherine of Siena

1347 - 1380
Tunisian scholar; translated Arabic medicine texts

Constantine the African

1020 - 1099
philospher, Spanish

Averroes

1126 - 1198
ca. 1422-1491, printer; merchant; diplomat, English

Caxton, William

1422 - 1491
1432-1481, sultan of Ottoman empire, Turkish

Mehmed II

1432 - 1481
1493-1541, alchemist; physician; astrologer; general occultist, Swiss

Paracelsus

1493 - 1541
1489-1564, scientific instrument maker, German

Hartmann, Georg

1489 - 1564
1367-1400, monarch, king of England

Richard II

1367 - 1400
1265-1321, poet, Italian

Alighieri, Dante

1265 - 1321
1452-1516, king; duke, Spanish

Ferdinand II of Aragon

1452 - 1516
1462-1536, physician, Italian

Manardi, Giovanni

1462 - 1536
1493-1588, botanist; physician, Spanish

Monardes, Nicolas

1493 - 1588
1079-1142, philosopher; theologian; logician, French

Abelard, Peter

1079 - 1142
c. 1499-c. 1546, artist, Dutch

Calcar, Jan Steven van

1499 - 1546
c. 1275- c. 1327, anatomist, Italian

Mondino dei Luzzi

1275 - 1327
1380-1444, priest and preacher, saint, Italian

Saint Bernardino of Siena

1380 - 1444
1100-1134, conjoined twin of Elisa Chulkhurst (Biddenden Maid), English

Chulkhurst, Mary

1100 - 1134
1480-1562, knight, German

Berlichingen, Götz von

1480 - 1562
1100-1134, conjoined twin of Mary Chulkhurst (Biddenden Maid), English

Chulkhurst, Elisa

1100 - 1134
1494-1555, geologist; metallurgist, German

Agricola, Georg

1494 - 1555
1467-1540, scholar; humanist, French

Budé, Guillaume

1467 - 1540
1254-1324, merchant; traveller, Italian

Polo, Marco

1254 - 1324
1451-1506, mariner; explorer, Italian

Columbus, Christopher

1451 - 1506
1253-1303, saint; lawyer; ecclesiastical judge, French

Saint Yves

1253 - 1303
c. 1028-1089, King of England, 1066-1089

William I

1028 - 1089
c. 1412-1431, saint, French

d'Arc, Jeanne

1412 - 1491
c. 1460-1509, cartographer; conquistador; explorer, Spanish

Cosa, Juan de la

1460 - 1509
1485-1547, conquistador; explorer, Spanish

Cortes, Hernando

1485 - 1547
1214?-1294, philosopher; Franciscan friar, English

Bacon, Roger

1214 - 1294
1118-1170, saint; martyr; archbishop, English

Becket, Thomas

1118 - 1170
1457-1509, king of England and lord of Ireland, reigned 1485-1509

Henry VII

1457 - 1509
1500-1570, medallist active in Padua, Italian

Cavino, Giovanni dal

1500 - 1570
1389-1459, Archbishop of Florence, Italian

Saint Antonino of Florence

1389 - 1459
1452-1519, polymath; painter; draughtsman; sculptor; architect; engineer; inventor (etc.), Italian

Da Vinci, Leonardo

1452 - 1519
1497-1558, physician, French

Fernel, Jean

1497 - 1558
1483-1533, writer, French

Rabelais, François

1483 - 1533
1003x5-1066, Edward, St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor

Edward

1003 - 1066
1225-1274, philosopher; theologian, Italian

Aquinas, Thomas

1225 - 1274
c. 1500-1585, active from 1529 in Spain, clock maker; engineer, mathematician, of Cremona, Italian?

Torriano, Juanelo

1500 - 1585
c. 1437-1492, Queen consort of Edward IV, King of England

Woodville, Elizabeth

1437 - 1492
1155-1189, monk; warrior, Japanese

Benkai, Musashibo

1155 - 1189
c. 1494-1568, knight of St John, French

Valette, Jean Parisot de la

1494 - 1568
1497 or 1498-1543, artist, German

Holbein, Hans

1497 - 1543
1473-1543, mathematician; astronomer, Polish

Copernicus, Nicolaus

1473 - 1543
active 1487-1550, astronomer; scientific instrument maker, German

Kratzer, Nicolaus

1486 - 1550
1397?-1468, printer; inventor, German

Gutenberg, Johannes

1397 - 1468